Heart Age can be accurately estimated from a 10-s 12-lead ECG in a transparent and explainable fashion based on known ECG measures, without deep neural network-type artificial intelligence techniques. The Heart Age Gap was 0.0 ± 5.7 years in healthy individuals, 7.4 ± 7.3 years in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors ( p < 0.001), and 14.3 ± 9.2 years in patients with cardiovascular disease ( p < 0.001). In total, 2,771 subjects were included (n = 1682 healthy volunteers, n = 305 with cardiovascular risk factors, n = 784 with cardiovascular disease). The difference between 5-min and 10-s ECG Heart Ages were analyzed, as were the differences between 10-s ECG Heart Age and the chronological age (the Heart Age Gap). Regression models were used to predict patients’ Bayesian 5-min ECG Heart Ages from their standard, resting 10-s 12-lead ECGs. We hypothesised that explainable measures from the 10-s 12-lead ECG could successfully predict Bayesian 5-min ECG Heart Age. Advanced analysis was performed on ECGs from healthy subjects and patients with cardiovascular risk or proven heart disease.

Electrocardiographic (ECG) Heart Age conveying cardiovascular risk has been estimated by both Bayesian and artificial intelligence approaches.

Age regress